| PA-generating herb | Action | Possible replacements |
| Comfrey leaf/root
|
Vulnerary | Gotu kola, calendula, meadowsweet, liquorice, German chamomile, Aloe vera, Echinacea, goldenseal, St John’s wort, daisy, Arnica, thyme, horsetail, greater celandine, pau d’arco. |
| Comfrey leaf, coltsfoot leaf | Demulcent (GIT) | Marshmallow root, ribwort plantain, broadleaf plantain, psyllium, slippery elm, mullein, flaxseed, Irish moss. |
| Comfrey leaf, coltsfoot leaf | Demulcent (respiratory) | Marshmallow leaf, liquorice, flaxseed, ribwort plantain, mullein, Irish moss. |
| Comfrey leaf | Demulcent (urinary) | Marshmallow leaf, couch grass, Pellitory-of-the-wall, parsley piert, broadleaf plantain, ribwort plantain, barley. |
| Comfrey leaf/root | Emollient | Aloe vera, marshmallow leaf, oats, liquorice, flaxseed, ribwort plantain, broadleaf plantain, psyllium, slippery elm. |
| Coltsfoot | Anticatarrhal | Eyebright, ground ivy, goldenseal, ribwort plantain, elderflower, goldenrod, mullein, marsh cudweed. |
| Coltsfoot | Antitussive | Autumn cherry, Californian poppy, wild lettuce. |
| Coltsfoot | Expectorant | Elecampane, horehound, angelica, elderflower, thyme, lobelia, cowslip, sweet violet, daisy, garlic, gumweed, ginger. |
| Coltsfoot | Respiratory spasmolytic | Deadly nightshade, thorn apple, joint-fir, gumweed, liquorice, lobelia, hyssop, thyme, cramp bark. |
| Borage | Adrenal tonic | Liquorice, Chinese foxglove, blackcurrant, reishi, adaptogens. |
| Borage | Antidepressant | Oats, St John’s wort, lavender, damiana, vervain, goji, blackcurrant, rosemary, Korean ginseng etc. |
| Borage | Antistress | Dang Shen, Siberian ginseng, liquorice, ashwagandha, blackcurrant etc. |
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